Estate Tax: Valuation – Business Freeze
The value is the fair market value. This is construed to mean the price at which the property would change hands in an arm’s length transaction between a willing buyer and a willing seller, neither being under any compulsion to buy or to sell and both having reasonable knowledge of the relevant facts. The valuation issue may arise in the context of inclusion of property in the estate or in computing a deduction or exemption.
Estate Tax Valuation – Business Freeze
Business freeze: A controlling shareholder recapitalizes (tax free) the stock interests into common and preferred shares and gives the common stock to the children when it has little value but significant appreciation potential. The same procedure can to used for a partnership or an LLC. The value of the gift is the value of what is given away. If the parent retains some common stock, the value of the gift is both the value of the preferred and the common stock retained. The appreciation in the value of the common stock gifted to children escapes tax. If the gifting parent dies still holding the retained interest (usually the preferred stock), it can be subject to taxation both as a gift and as part of the estate requiring adjustments to prevent a double taxation result.
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